Vector4

Represents a 4D floating-point vector.

Vector4 stores four components (x, y, z, w) and is typically used for homogeneous coordinates, and general 4D math. It provides basic arithmetic, and utility helpers.

Construction

Constructors

Vector4() constexpr

Constructs a vector with all components set to the same value.

Vector4::Vector4(float value);

Parameter	Description
value	Value to assign to all four components.

Vector4() constexpr

Constructs a vector from individual components.

Vector4::Vector4(float x, float y, float z, float w);

Parameter	Description
x	X component.
y	Y component.
z	Z component.
w	W component.

Properties

w float

W component.

float w {};

x float

X component.

float x {};

y float

Y component.

float y {};

z float

Z component.

float z {};

Functions

Length() float

Computes the vector length.

float Vector4::Length() const;

LengthSquared() float

Computes the squared vector length.

Useful when comparing lengths without paying the cost of a square root.

float Vector4::LengthSquared() const;

Max() Vector4&

Applies a component-wise maximum.

Vector4& Vector4::Max(const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to compare against.

Min() Vector4&

Applies a component-wise minimum.

Vector4& Vector4::Min(const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to compare against.

Normalize() Vector4&

Normalizes the vector in-place.

If the length is zero, the vector is unchanged.

Vector4& Vector4::Normalize();

operator*=() Vector4&

Multiplies the vector component-wise by another vector in-place.

Vector4& Vector4::operator* =(const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to multiply.

operator*=() Vector4&

Multiplies the vector by a scalar in-place.

Vector4& Vector4::operator* =(float n);

Parameter	Description
n	Scalar value.

operator+=() Vector4&

Adds another vector in-place.

Vector4& Vector4::operator+=(const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to add.

operator-=() Vector4&

Subtracts another vector in-place.

Vector4& Vector4::operator-=(const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to subtract.

operator[]() float&

Accesses a component by index.

float& Vector4::operator[](int i);

Parameter	Description
i	Index: 0 → x, 1 → y, 2 → z, 3 → w.

operator[]() float

Accesses a component by index.

float Vector4::operator[](int i) const;

Parameter	Description
i	Index: 0 → x, 1 → y, 2 → z, 3 → w.

Vector4::UnitW() Vector4

Returns the unit vector along the W axis.

static constexpr Vector4 Vector4::UnitW();

Vector4::UnitX() Vector4

Returns the unit vector along the X axis.

static constexpr Vector4 Vector4::UnitX();

Vector4::UnitY() Vector4

Returns the unit vector along the Y axis.

static constexpr Vector4 Vector4::UnitY();

Vector4::UnitZ() Vector4

Returns the unit vector along the Z axis.

static constexpr Vector4 Vector4::UnitZ();

Vector4::Zero() Vector4

Returns the zero vector.

static constexpr Vector4 Vector4::Zero();

Dot() float

Computes the dot product of two 4D vectors.

Computes the scalar product (), which measures how aligned the two vectors are.

float Dot(const Vector4& a, const Vector4& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

Lerp() auto

Linearly interpolates between two 4D vectors.

auto Lerp(const Vector4& v1, const Vector4& v2, float f);

Parameter	Description
v1	Start vector.
v2	End vector.
f	Interpolation factor in .

Normalize() Vector4

Returns a normalized copy of a vector.

If the input has zero length, the zero vector is returned.

Vector4 Normalize(const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Input vector.

operator*() Vector4

Multiplies two vectors component-wise.

Vector4 operator* (const Vector4& a, const Vector4& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator*() Vector4

Multiplies a vector by a scalar.

Vector4 operator* (const Vector4& v, float n);

Parameter	Description
v	Input vector.
n	Scalar value.

operator*() Vector4

Multiplies a scalar by avector.

Vector4 operator* (float n, const Vector4& v);

Parameter	Description
n	Scalar value.
v	Input vector.

operator+() Vector4

Adds two 4D vectors.

Vector4 operator+(const Vector4& a, const Vector4& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator-() Vector4

Subtracts one 4D vector from another.

Vector4 operator-(const Vector4& a, const Vector4& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator/() Vector4

Divides two vectors component-wise.

Vector4 operator/(const Vector4& a, const Vector4& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator/() Vector4

Divides a vector by a scalar.

Vector4 operator/(const Vector4& v, float n);

Parameter	Description
v	Input vector.
n	Scalar value.