Vector3

Represents a 3D vector with floating-point components.

Vector3 stores an (x, y, z) triple and is used for positions, directions, normals, and general 3D math. It provides basic arithmetic, normalization, and utility helpers.

Construction

Constructors

Vector3() constexpr

Constructs a vector with all components set to the same value.

Vector3::Vector3(float value);

Parameter	Description
value	Value to assign to all components.

Vector3() constexpr

Constructs a vector from individual components.

Vector3::Vector3(float x, float y, float z);

Parameter	Description
x	X component.
y	Y component.
z	Z component.

Properties

x float

X component.

float x {};

y float

Y component.

float y {};

z float

Z component.

float z {};

Functions

Length() float

Returns the vector length.

float Vector3::Length() const;

LengthSquared() float

Returns the squared vector length.

Useful when comparing lengths without paying the cost of a square root.

float Vector3::LengthSquared() const;

Max() Vector3&

Applies a component-wise maximum with another vector.

Vector3& Vector3::Max(const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to compare against.

Min() Vector3&

Applies a component-wise minimum with another vector.

Vector3& Vector3::Min(const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to compare against.

Normalize() Vector3&

Normalizes the vector in-place.

If the length is zero, the vector is left unchanged.

Vector3& Vector3::Normalize();

operator*=() Vector3&

Multiplies the vector component-wise by another vector in-place.

Vector3& Vector3::operator* =(const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to multiply.

operator*=() Vector3&

Multiplies the vector by a scalar in-place.

Vector3& Vector3::operator* =(float n);

Parameter	Description
n	Scalar value.

operator+=() Vector3&

Adds another vector in-place.

Vector3& Vector3::operator+=(const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to add.

operator-=() Vector3&

Subtracts another vector in-place.

Vector3& Vector3::operator-=(const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Vector to subtract.

operator[]() float &

Accesses a component by index.

float& Vector3::operator[](int i);

Parameter	Description
i	Index: 0 → x, 1 → y, 2 → z.

operator[]() const float

Accesses a component by index.

const float Vector3::operator[](int i) const;

Parameter	Description
i	Index: 0 → x, 1 → y, 2 → z.

Vector3::Forward() Vector3

Returns a unit vector pointing forward.

static constexpr Vector3 Vector3::Forward();

Vector3::Right() Vector3

Returns a unit vector pointing right.

static constexpr Vector3 Vector3::Right();

Vector3::Up() Vector3

Returns a unit vector pointing up.

static constexpr Vector3 Vector3::Up();

Vector3::Zero() Vector3

Returns the zero vector.

static constexpr Vector3 Vector3::Zero();

Cross() Vector3

Computes the cross product of two 3D vectors.

Returns a vector perpendicular to both inputs, following the right-hand rule.

Vector3 Cross(const Vector3& a, const Vector3& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

Dot() float

Computes the dot product of two 3D vectors.

Computes the scalar product (), which measures how aligned the two vectors are.

float Dot(const Vector3& a, const Vector3& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

Lerp() Vector3

Linearly interpolates between two 3D vectors.

Vector3 Lerp(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, float f);

Parameter	Description
v1	Start vector.
v2	End vector.
f	Interpolation factor in .

Normalize() Vector3

Returns a normalized copy of a vector.

If the input has zero length, the zero vector is returned.

Vector3 Normalize(const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
v	Input vector.

operator*() Vector3

Multiplies two vectors component-wise.

Vector3 operator* (const Vector3& a, const Vector3& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator*() Vector3

Multiplies a vector by a scalar.

Vector3 operator* (const Vector3& v, float n);

Parameter	Description
v	Input vector.
n	Scalar value.

operator*() Vector3

Multiplies a scalar by a vector.

Vector3 operator* (float n, const Vector3& v);

Parameter	Description
n	Scalar value.
v	Input vector.

operator+() Vector3

Adds two 3D vectors.

Vector3 operator+(const Vector3& a, const Vector3& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator-() Vector3

Subtracts one 3D vector from another.

Vector3 operator-(const Vector3& a, const Vector3& b);

Parameter	Description
a	First vector.
b	Second vector.

operator/() Vector3

Divides a vector by a scalar.

Vector3 operator/(const Vector3& v, float n);

Parameter	Description
v	Input vector.
n	Scalar value.